How does water hardness affect swimmer comfort?

Water hardness primarily refers to the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the water. When water is too hard, it can indeed lead to swimmer discomfort, particularly in the form of itchy skin and irritation. High levels of calcium and other minerals can cause the skin to dry out, leading to discomfort during and after swimming. This is particularly relevant in indoor and outdoor pools where water is recirculated and may become more concentrated with hardness-causing minerals.

While swimmer comfort is significantly affected by water hardness, other factors, such as water chemistry, temperature, and pool sanitation, also play crucial roles. However, the direct impact of hard water on skin and irritation makes this answer the most relevant in the context of how hardness affects comfort in a swimming environment.